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<li class="chapter"> <a href="http-ngx_http_core_module.html" title="ngx_http_core_module"> ngx_http_core_module </a> </li>
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<li class="chapter"> <a href="http-ngx_http_browser_module.html" title="ngx_http_browser_module"> ngx_http_browser_module </a> </li>
<li class="chapter"> <a href="http-ngx_http_charset_module.html" title="ngx_http_charset_module"> ngx_http_charset_module </a> </li>
<li class="chapter"> <a href="http-ngx_http_dav_module.html" title="ngx_http_dav_module"> ngx_http_dav_module </a> </li>
<li class="chapter"> <a href="http-ngx_http_empty_gif_module.html" title="ngx_http_empty_gif_module"> ngx_http_empty_gif_module </a> </li>
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<li class="chapter"> <a href="http-ngx_http_fastcgi_module.html" title="ngx_http_fastcgi_module"> ngx_http_fastcgi_module </a> </li>
<li class="chapter"> <a href="http-ngx_http_flv_module.html" title="ngx_http_flv_module"> ngx_http_flv_module </a> </li>
<li class="chapter"> <a href="http-ngx_http_geo_module.html" title="ngx_http_geo_module"> ngx_http_geo_module </a> </li>
<li class="chapter"> <a href="http-ngx_http_geoip_module.html" title="ngx_http_geoip_module"> ngx_http_geoip_module </a> </li>
<li class="chapter"> <a href="http-ngx_http_grpc_module.html" title="ngx_http_grpc_module"> ngx_http_grpc_module </a> </li>
<li class="chapter"> <a href="http-ngx_http_gunzip_module.html" title="ngx_http_gunzip_module"> ngx_http_gunzip_module </a> </li>
<li class="chapter"> <a href="http-ngx_http_gzip_module.html" title="ngx_http_gzip_module"> ngx_http_gzip_module </a> </li>
<li class="chapter"> <a href="http-ngx_http_gzip_static_module.html" title="ngx_http_gzip_static_module"> ngx_http_gzip_static_module </a> </li>
<li class="chapter"> <a href="http-ngx_http_headers_module.html" title="ngx_http_headers_module"> ngx_http_headers_module </a> </li>
<li class="chapter"> <a href="http-ngx_http_hls_module.html" title="ngx_http_hls_module"> ngx_http_hls_module </a> </li>
<li class="chapter"> <a href="http-ngx_http_image_filter_module.html" title="ngx_http_image_filter_module"> ngx_http_image_filter_module </a> </li>
<li class="chapter"> <a href="http-ngx_http_index_module.html" title="ngx_http_index_module"> ngx_http_index_module </a> </li>
<li class="chapter"> <a href="http-ngx_http_js_module.html" title="ngx_http_js_module"> ngx_http_js_module </a> </li>
<li class="chapter"> <a href="http-ngx_http_keyval_module.html" title="ngx_http_keyval_module"> ngx_http_keyval_module </a> </li>
<li class="chapter"> <a href="http-ngx_http_limit_conn_module.html" title="ngx_http_limit_conn_module"> ngx_http_limit_conn_module </a> </li>
<li class="chapter"> <a href="http-ngx_http_limit_req_module.html" title="ngx_http_limit_req_module"> ngx_http_limit_req_module </a> </li>
<li class="chapter"> <a href="http-ngx_http_log_module.html" title="ngx_http_log_module"> ngx_http_log_module </a> </li>
<li class="chapter"> <a href="http-ngx_http_map_module.html" title="ngx_http_map_module"> ngx_http_map_module </a> </li>
<li class="chapter"> <a href="http-ngx_http_memcached_module.html" title="ngx_http_memcached_module"> ngx_http_memcached_module </a> </li>
<li class="chapter"> <a href="http-ngx_http_mirror_module.html" title="ngx_http_mirror_module"> ngx_http_mirror_module </a> </li>
<li class="chapter"> <a href="http-ngx_http_mp4_module.html" title="ngx_http_mp4_module"> ngx_http_mp4_module </a> </li>
<li class="chapter"> <a href="http-ngx_http_perl_module.html" title="ngx_http_perl_module"> ngx_http_perl_module </a> </li>
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<li class="chapter"> <a href="http-ngx_http_random_index_module.html" title="ngx_http_random_index_module"> ngx_http_random_index_module </a> </li>
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<li class="chapter"> <a href="mail-ngx_mail_core_module.html" title="ngx_mail_core_module"> ngx_mail_core_module </a> </li>
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<li class="chapter"> <a href="stream-ngx_stream_core_module.html" title="ngx_stream_core_module"> ngx_stream_core_module </a> </li>
<li class="chapter"> <a href="stream-ngx_stream_access_module.html" title="ngx_stream_access_module"> ngx_stream_access_module </a> </li>
<li class="chapter"> <a href="stream-ngx_stream_geo_module.html" title="ngx_stream_geo_module"> ngx_stream_geo_module </a> </li>
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<li class="chapter"> <a href="stream-ngx_stream_upstream_hc_module.html" title="ngx_stream_upstream_hc_module"> ngx_stream_upstream_hc_module </a> </li>
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<h1>Module ngx_http_rewrite_module</h1>
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<div><ul>
<li><a href="#directives">Directives</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#break">break</a></li>
<li><a href="#if">if</a></li>
<li><a href="#return">return</a></li>
<li><a href="#rewrite">rewrite</a></li>
<li><a href="#rewrite_log">rewrite_log</a></li>
<li><a href="#set">set</a></li>
<li><a href="#uninitialized_variable_warn">uninitialized_variable_warn</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#internals">Internal Implementation</a><br><a href="" id="summary"></a></li>
</ul>
<p><code>ngx_http_rewrite_module</code>模块用于使用 PCRE 正则表达式更改请求 URI，返回重定向并有条件地选择配置。</p>
<p><a href="#break">break</a>，<a href="#if">if</a>，<a href="#return">return</a>，<a href="#rewrite">rewrite</a>和<a href="#set">set</a>指令按以下顺序处理：</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>在<a href="http-ngx_http_core_module.html#server">server</a>级别上指定的该模块的指令按顺序执行；</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>repeatedly:</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>根据请求 URI 搜索<a href="http-ngx_http_core_module.html#location">location</a>；</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>在找到的位置内指定的该模块的指令按顺序执行；</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>如果请求 URI 为<a href="#rewrite">rewritten</a>，但不超过<a href="http-ngx_http_core_module.html#internal">10 times</a>，则重复循环。</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="" id="directives"></a></p>
<h4 id="directives"><a href="#directives" id="directives"></a>Directives</h4>
<p><a href="" id="break"></a></p>
<table>
<thead></thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td>Syntax:</td><td><code>break;</code></td></tr>
<tr><td>Default:</td><td>—</td></tr>
<tr><td>Context:</td><td><code>server</code> , <code>location</code> , <code>if</code></td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>停止处理当前的<code>ngx_http_rewrite_module</code>指令集。</p>
<p>如果在<a href="http-ngx_http_core_module.html#location">location</a>内指定了指令，则将在此位置 continue 处理请求。</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs language-shell">if ($slow) {
    limit_rate 10k;
    break;
}
</code></pre>
<p><a href="" id="if"></a></p>
<table>
<thead></thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td>Syntax:</td><td><code>if (condition) { ... }</code></td></tr>
<tr><td>Default:</td><td>—</td></tr>
<tr><td>Context:</td><td><code>server</code> , <code>location</code></td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>指定的<code>condition</code>被评估。如果为 true，则执行括号内指定的此模块指令，并在<code>if</code>指令内为请求分配配置。 <code>if</code>指令中的配置是从先前的配置级别继承的。</p>
<p>条件可以是以下任意一种：</p>
<ul>
<li>变量名；如果变量的值为空字符串或“ <code>0</code>”，则为 false；否则为 false。</li>
</ul>
<div class="alert callout info"><p class="title"><i class="fa fa-info-circle"></i>Note</p><div><p>在 1.0.1 版之前，任何以“ <code>0</code>”开头的字符串都被视为错误值。</p>
</div></div>
<ul>
<li>
<p>使用“ <code>=</code>”和“ <code>!=</code>”运算符将变量与字符串进行比较；</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>使用“ <code>~</code>”(用于区分大小写的匹配)和“ <code>~*</code>”(用于区分大小写的匹配)运算符将变量与正则表达式进行匹配。正则表达式可以包含捕获，以后可在<code>$1</code> .. <code>$9</code>变量中使用这些捕获。负运算符“ <code>!~</code>”和“ <code>!~*</code>”也可用。如果正则表达式包含“ <code>}</code>”或“ <code>;</code>”字符，则整个表达式应用单引号或双引号引起来。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>使用“ <code>-f</code>”和“ <code>!-f</code>”运算符检查文件是否存在；</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>使用“ <code>-d</code>”和“ <code>!-d</code>”运算符检查目录是否存在；</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>使用“ <code>-e</code>”和“ <code>!-e</code>”运算符检查文件，目录或符号链接是否存在；</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>使用“ <code>-x</code>”和“ <code>!-x</code>”运算符检查可执行文件。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>Examples:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs language-shell">if ($http_user_agent ~ MSIE) {
    rewrite ^(.*)$ /msie/$1 break;
}

if ($http_cookie ~* &quot;id=([^;]+)(?:;|$)&quot;) {
    set $id $1;
}

if ($request_method = POST) {
    return 405;
}

if ($slow) {
    limit_rate 10k;
}

if ($invalid_referer) {
    return 403;
}
</code></pre>
<div class="alert callout info"><p class="title"><i class="fa fa-info-circle"></i>Note</p><div><p><a href="http-ngx_http_referer_module.html#valid_referers">valid_referers</a>伪指令设置<code>$invalid_referer</code>嵌入式变量的值。</p>
</div></div>
<p><a href="" id="return"></a></p>
<table>
<thead></thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td>Syntax:</td><td><code>return code [text];</code></td></tr>
<tr><td><br><code>return code URL;</code><br><code>return URL;</code></td></tr>
<tr><td>默认值：</td><td>—</td></tr>
<tr><td>上下文： <code>server</code>，<code>location</code>，<code>if</code></td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>停止处理并将指定的<code>code</code>返回给客户端。非标准代码 444 关闭连接而不发送响应头。</p>
<p>从版本 0.8.42 开始，可以指定重定向 URL(对于代码 301、302、303、307 和 308)或响应正文<code>text</code>(对于其他代码)。响应正文和重定向 URL 可以包含变量。作为一种特殊情况，可以将重定向 URL 指定为该服务器本地的 URI，在这种情况下，将根据请求方案(<code>$scheme</code>)以及<a href="http-ngx_http_core_module.html#server_name_in_redirect">server_name_in_redirect</a>和<a href="http-ngx_http_core_module.html#port_in_redirect">port_in_redirect</a>指令来形成完整的重定向 URL。</p>
<p>此外，可以将使用代码 302 进行临时重定向的<code>URL</code>指定为唯一参数。这样的参数应以“ <code>http://</code>”，“ <code>https://</code>”或“ <code>$scheme</code>”字符串开头。 <code>URL</code>可以包含变量。</p>
<div class="alert callout info"><p class="title"><i class="fa fa-info-circle"></i>Note</p><div><p>在版本 0.7.51 之前只能返回以下代码：204、400、402 — 406、408、410、411、413、416 和 500-504.</p>
</div></div><div class="alert callout info"><p class="title"><i class="fa fa-info-circle"></i>Note</p><div><p>直到版本 1.1.16 和 1.0.13 才将代码 307 视为重定向。</p>
</div></div><div class="alert callout info"><p class="title"><i class="fa fa-info-circle"></i>Note</p><div><p>直到版本 1.13.0 才将代码 308 视为重定向。</p>
</div></div>
<p>另请参见<a href="http-ngx_http_core_module.html#error_page">error_page</a>指令。</p>
<p><a href="" id="rewrite"></a></p>
<table>
<thead></thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td>Syntax:</td><td><code>rewrite regex replacement [flag];</code></td></tr>
<tr><td>Default:</td><td>—</td></tr>
<tr><td>Context:</td><td><code>server</code> , <code>location</code> , <code>if</code></td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>如果指定的正则表达式与请求 URI 匹配，则 URI 将按照<code>replacement</code>字符串中的指定进行更改。 <code>rewrite</code>伪指令按其在配置文件中的出现顺序顺序执行。可以使用标志终止指令的进一步处理。如果替换字符串以“ <code>http://</code>”，“ <code>https://</code>”或“ <code>$scheme</code>”开头，则处理停止，并将重定向返回给客户端。</p>
<p>可选的<code>flag</code>参数可以是以下之一：</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><code>last</code></p>
<ul>
<li>停止处理当前的<code>ngx_http_rewrite_module</code>指令集，并开始搜索与更改后的 URI 相匹配的新位置；</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>break</code></p>
<ul>
<li>与<a href="#break">break</a>指令一样，停止处理当前的<code>ngx_http_rewrite_module</code>指令集；</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>redirect</code></p>
<ul>
<li>返回带有 302 代码的临时重定向；如果替换字符串不是以“ <code>http://</code>”，“ <code>https://</code>”或“ <code>$scheme</code>”开头，则使用</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>permanent</code></p>
<ul>
<li>返回带有 301 代码的永久重定向。</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p>完整的重定向 URL 是根据请求方案(<code>$scheme</code>)以及<a href="http-ngx_http_core_module.html#server_name_in_redirect">server_name_in_redirect</a>和<a href="http-ngx_http_core_module.html#port_in_redirect">port_in_redirect</a>指令形成的。</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs language-shell">server {
    ...
    rewrite ^(/download/.*)/media/(.*)\..*$ $1/mp3/$2.mp3 last;
    rewrite ^(/download/.*)/audio/(.*)\..*$ $1/mp3/$2.ra  last;
    return  403;
    ...
}
</code></pre>
<p>但是，如果将这些指令放在“ <code>/download/</code>”位置，则<code>last</code>标志应替换为<code>break</code>，否则 nginx 将执行 10 个循环并返回 500 错误：</p>
<pre><code class="hljs language-shell">location /download/ {
    rewrite ^(/download/.*)/media/(.*)\..*$ $1/mp3/$2.mp3 break;
    rewrite ^(/download/.*)/audio/(.*)\..*$ $1/mp3/$2.ra  break;
    return  403;
}
</code></pre>
<p>如果<code>replacement</code>字符串包含新的请求参数，则先前的请求参数将附加在它们之后。如果不希望这样，请在替换字符串的末尾添加问号，避免附加它们，例如：</p>
<pre><code class="hljs language-shell">rewrite ^/users/(.*)$ /show?user=$1? last;
</code></pre>
<p>如果正则表达式包含“ <code>}</code>”或“ <code>;</code>”字符，则整个表达式应用单引号或双引号引起来。</p>
<p><a href="" id="rewrite_log"></a></p>
<table>
<thead></thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td>Syntax:</td><td><code>rewrite_log on | off;</code></td></tr>
<tr><td>Default:</td><td><code>rewrite_log off;</code></td></tr>
<tr><td>Context:</td><td><code>http</code> , <code>server</code> , <code>location</code> , <code>if</code></td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>在<code>notice</code>级别启用或禁用将<code>ngx_http_rewrite_module</code>模块指令的处理结果记录到<a href="ngx_core_module.html#error_log">error_log</a>中。</p>
<p><a href="" id="set"></a></p>
<table>
<thead></thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td>Syntax:</td><td><code>set $variable value;</code></td></tr>
<tr><td>Default:</td><td>—</td></tr>
<tr><td>Context:</td><td><code>server</code> , <code>location</code> , <code>if</code></td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>为指定的<code>variable</code>设置<code>value</code>。 <code>value</code>可以包含文本，变量及其组合。</p>
<p><a href="" id="uninitialized_variable_warn"></a></p>
<table>
<thead></thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td>Syntax:</td><td><code>uninitialized_variable_warn on | off;</code></td></tr>
<tr><td>Default:</td><td><code>uninitialized_variable_warn on;</code></td></tr>
<tr><td>Context:</td><td><code>http</code> , <code>server</code> , <code>location</code> , <code>if</code></td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>控制是否记录有关未初始化变量的警告。</p>
<p><a href="" id="internals"></a></p>
<h4 id="internal-implementation"><a href="#internal-implementation" id="internal-implementation"></a>Internal Implementation</h4>
<p><code>ngx_http_rewrite_module</code>模块指令在配置阶段被编译为内部指令，这些指令在请求处理期间进行解释。解释器是一个简单的虚拟堆栈机。</p>
<p>例如，指令</p>
<pre><code class="hljs language-shell">location /download/ {
    if ($forbidden) {
        return 403;
    }

    if ($slow) {
        limit_rate 10k;
    }

    rewrite ^/(download/.*)/media/(.*)\..*$ /$1/mp3/$2.mp3 break;
}
</code></pre>
<p>将被翻译成以下说明：</p>
<pre><code class="hljs language-shell">variable $forbidden
check against zero
    return 403
    end of code
variable $slow
check against zero
match of regular expression
copy &quot;/&quot;
copy $1
copy &quot;/mp3/&quot;
copy $2
copy &quot;.mp3&quot;
end of regular expression
end of code
</code></pre>
<p>请注意，上面的<a href="http-ngx_http_core_module.html#limit_rate">limit_rate</a>指令与<code>ngx_http_rewrite_module</code>模块无关，因此没有相关说明。为<a href="#if">if</a>块创建一个单独的配置。如果条件成立，则为该请求分配此配置，其中<code>limit_rate</code>等于 10k。</p>
<p>The directive</p>
<pre><code class="hljs language-shell">rewrite ^/(download/.*)/media/(.*)\..*$ /$1/mp3/$2.mp3 break;
</code></pre>
<p>如果正则表达式中的第一个斜杠放在括号内，则可以通过一条指令将其减小：</p>
<pre><code class="hljs language-shell">rewrite ^(/download/.*)/media/(.*)\..*$ $1/mp3/$2.mp3 break;
</code></pre>
<p>相应的指令将如下所示：</p>
<pre><code class="hljs language-shell">match of regular expression
copy $1
copy &quot;/mp3/&quot;
copy $2
copy &quot;.mp3&quot;
end of regular expression
end of code
</code></pre>
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